Area by area
General electrical/electronic diagnosis
14 scored questions: voltage, voltage drop, current and resistance readings, shorts and opens, parasitic draw, circuit protection, relays and diodes, wiring diagrams, waveforms, and faults on the multiplexed data network. Fault codes come as a suspect parameter (SPN) plus a failure mode (FMI): FMI 3 is voltage above normal or shorted high, FMI 4 voltage below normal or shorted low, FMI 5 current below normal or an open circuit.
Battery & starting
11 scored questions: state of charge by terminal voltage, load and capacitance tests, charging methods by battery type, jump-starting, low-voltage disconnects, cranking voltage and voltage drop, starter controls and cranking inhibit systems. Charge a low battery before load testing it.
Charging
7 scored questions: no-charge, low-charge and overcharge complaints, AC ripple and DC output, charging circuit voltage drop, alternators and their regulators.
Lighting
6 scored questions: headlight aim and switches, truck and trailer lighting circuits, the trailer light cord, stoplights, turn signals and hazards, backup lights and alarms.
12 scored questions: gauges and electronic clusters, warning devices, horn, airbag circuit, wipers and washers, mirrors, power windows and locks, auxiliary power units, cruise control, cooling fan and fuel pump controls, telematics and electronic logging devices.
About 60 ohms is the healthy reading
A J1939 backbone has a 120-ohm terminating resistor at each end. With the key off, the two in parallel read about 60 ohms across CAN high and CAN low. About 120 ohms means one terminator is missing or open; a reading near zero means the two wires are shorted together.